Advancements in Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics for Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Abstract

Lung cancer is still considered one of the biggest causes of cancer-related mortality globally, and its high death toll is partially attributable to late diagnosis. Recent advances in quantitative proteomics and metabolomics have led to the discovery of new biomarkers of early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment modalities and have significantly increased our understanding of the molecular environment of lung cancer. Quantitative proteomics can also reveal the biomarkers related to lung cancer histological subtypes, treatment resistance, and patient survival by systematic analysis of protein expression patterns. Other key proteins, such as ENO1, PRDX, AGR2, and NAPS, have demonstrated potential in determining cancer stage in the lungs and also as the targets of individualized therapy. In addition, metabolomics that illuminates the changes in metabolism that accompany the progression of cancer has been applied to discover metabolites that can differentiate between benign and malignant diseases, and this can be used to detect the disease early and monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. This review shows the clinical applications of proteome and metabolomic studies in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, as well as the potential to integrate the techniques into the personalization of cancer care.