The Role of Sleep Deprivation and Urban Night Culture in PCOS Progression

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine illness distinguished by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovarian dysfunction, leading to infertility, metabolic consequences (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease), and psychological distress. Its etiology includes environmental variables, such as inadequate sleep, exposure to artificial light, and obesity from sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie meals, as well as genetic (e.g., FBN1, INSR, FTO) and epigenetic (DNA methylation, miRNA dysregulation) factors. Obesity makes insulin resistance worse, and sleep disturbance impairs gut-brain axis signaling and circadian rhythms. First-line therapies include dietary changes (e.g., ketogenic diets) and lifestyle changes including weight loss. To further understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize PCOS, further research is required.