In-silico Analysis of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana with Possible Role in Carbon Dioxide Fixation through Carbonic Anhydrase regulation

Abstract

Targeting first neighbours and adding interactive protein to investigate the direct and indirect influence of neighbour genes is an important novel technique used in cancer studies. Weighing neighbour genes on the basis of topological analysis methods for essential proteins identification and multi-omics data is useful in predicting significant interactions in such investigations. A similar approach can also be adopted to help target specific genes in photosynthetic research, especially under stress conditions like low CO₂ and the transformation of plants from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. In this study, a computational approach has been used to identify two Genes i.e. 2-cys peroxiredoxin A, (2CPA; AT3G11630/BAS1) and 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin B (2CPB: AT5G06290) that may regulate Carbonic anhydrase during CO₂ fixation process during photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have retrieved almost one hundred genes in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of Carbonic anhydrase and identified the hub proteins in the network using Cyto-Hubba and AraNet gene prioritization tools to show significant interactions of essential proteins with CA. In the top thirty-four (34) essential proteins, the GeneMania web tool predicted direct interactions among six proteins i.e. Photosystem I P subunit (CURT1B: AT2G46820), Photosystem I subunit l (PSAL: AT4G12800), Ferredoxin-NADP[+]-oxidoreductase 1 (FNR1:AT5G66190), ATPase (F0 complex subunit B/B' (PDE334:AT4G32260), Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator-like protein (TPT; AT5G46110) and Photosystem I subunit H2 (PSAH2; AT1G52230) that were participating in the same biological process and are found in the chloroplast. Upon addition of interactor protein, BAS1 and 2CPB were also found to have significant interactions with CA on the basis of multi-omics data. GO Biological process enrichment analysis confirmed that six genes are involved in photosynthesis except for BAS1 and 2CPB. These genes may interact with CA and possibly regulate it under high temperature and low CO₂ conditions.